These aforementioned technological innovations have allowed applied scientific research to be undertaken in cycling, including real-time measurements of internal (e.g. This enables an in-depth analysis of a cyclist’s mechanical power output during training and/or competition, and the assessment of an athlete’s endurance capacity outside of a laboratory setting (Passfield et al. Mechanical power output measured by strain gauges, most commonly mounted in the bike’s crank spindle, crank arm or pedal spindle and connected to a head unit mounted in the handlebar allows power output data to be accurately recorded in field conditions in real time (Maier et al. Since the invention of the first mobile power meter for cycling in the late 1980s training and racing with this tool has become standard practice in multiple cycling disciplines including road, track, mountain bike, cyclo-cross, bicycle motocross (BMX) and triathlon. Structured field testing should be included to obtain an accurate fingerprint of a cyclist’s power profile. Power-duration parameter estimates can be derived from the 2 parameter linear or non-linear critical power model: P( t) = W′/ t + CP ( W′-work capacity above CP t-time).

It is also recommended to avoid single effort prediction trials, such as functional threshold power. set number of prediction trials, inter-trial recovery, road gradient and data analysis).

It is recommended that field testing should always be conducted in accordance with pre-established guidelines from the existing literature (e.g. Deriving the parameters of power-duration modelling suggests how these measures can be obtained from laboratory and field testing, including criteria for ensuring a high ecological validity (e.g. Combining laboratory and field testing discusses how traditional laboratory and field testing can be combined to inform and individualize the power profiling approach. Moreover, the deriving a power-duration relationship section presents existing concepts of power-duration models alongside exercise intensity domains. The authors elaborate on measuring power output followed by an outline of the methodological approaches to power profiling. This review aimed to critically reflect on power profiling strategies in association with the power-duration relationship in cycling, to provide an updated view for applied researchers and practitioners. Emerging trends in technological innovations, data analysis and practical applications have facilitated the measurement of cycling power output in the field, leading to improvements in training prescription, performance testing and race analysis.

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